Clinical genetics plays a pivotal role in genomic medicine and precision healthcare, offering insights into the understanding, diagnosis, and management of genetic conditions. This article explores the fundamental principles of clinical genetics that underpin the practice of genomic medicine. Here, we explain the genetic concepts relevant to the understanding, identification, and management of genetic conditions to equip primary care practitioners with a basic knowledge of genetics. Furthermore, as the utility of genetic testing for diagnosis continues to expand, many ethical, legal, and social implications associated with clinical genetic testing have been raised. Therefore, this article will similarly explore the ethical challenges, legal implications, and broader societal repercussions inherent to the use of genetic testing and its test results. An understanding of these current issues will give insight into the challenges individuals with genetic conditions face, and can help better integrate the practice of clinical genetics into primary care.