Vaccination in Infectious Disease Control Vaccination stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific infectious agents, preventing and controlling diseases. Healthcare professionals are primarily motivated by professional responsibility, education, evidence-based practice, and first-hand experience of vaccine-preventable diseases. The public is driven by the desire to protect themselves and loved ones, trust in vaccine safety, recommendations from healthcare professionals, and awareness of the importance of vaccination. Vaccines and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Vaccines combat AMR by reducing infections caused by resistant or susceptible pathogens and decreasing antibiotic use. Vaccines against viral infections, like influenza, reduce inappropriate antibiotic consumption, which is a significant driver of AMR. Resistance to bacterial vaccines is rare and does not render them ineffective. Vaccines also decrease the risk of acquiring and transmitting resistant microbes, promoting healthier populations, and retaining antibiotic effectiveness. Pneumococcal Disease Pneumococcal disease is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and can lead to respiratory tract infections and invasive diseases. Common manifestations include pneumonia, invasive diseases (bacteraemia, meningitis, etc.), sinusitis, and otitis media. Understanding pathophysiology helps guide diagnosis and treatment. Vaccination, surveillance, and appropriate management are crucial to prevent and mitigate the impact of pneumococcal disease.