INTRODUCTION. This 2023 paper is a continuing update of the 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 versions. In the 2021 update, two new items of information have been added. First, the 2020 Consensus statement of the Taiwan Hypertension Society and the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on HPDM, which provided recommendations on additional medications to be considered in uncontrolled morning or night blood pressure (BP), are noted. Secondly, the nephroprotective properties of the SGLT-2 inhibitors are highlighted. Similar to the content of the 2019 version, four related areas are reviewed. They are (1) BP definition and classification; (2) hypertension diagnosis; (3) hypertension and proteinuria in non-diabetic patients; and (4) proteinuria and hypertension in the patient with diabetes. METHODOLOGY. PubMed searches were done for papers on the aforementioned four topics published in the last five years (2014 to 2019). These were supplemented by papers from hand searches. Further update of the topic in 2022 by searching for articles using the title of this paper yielded an useful 2021 review paper.22 RESULTS. For diagnosis of hypertension, the current cut-off of 140/90 mmHg can be reduced to 130/80 to improve cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Diagnosis of hypertension should not be based on office BP readings alone. Hypertension in older patients should be treated to prevent worse outcomes and should be individualised. In non-diabetic patients, both low grade and microalbuminuria needs to be treated; adequate BP control is needed to prevent cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. In the diabetic patient, a BP target of less than 140/90 mmHg applies to most patients, but individualisation of the BP goal is important. CONCLUSION. Much development in the management of proteinuria and hypertension has taken place in the last five years. Attention to multifactorial interventions is highlighted.